CA Inter Section-Wise Weightage

(ii)  Application of  Accounting Standards:

AS 1:  Disclosure of Accounting Policies

AS 2:  Valuation of Inventories

AS 3:  Cash Flow Statements

AS 4:  Contingencies  and Events Occurring After the Balance Sheet Date

AS 5: Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies

AS 7: Construction Contracts 

AS 9: Revenue Recognition

AS 10: Property, Plant and Equipment

AS 11: The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates

AS 12: Accounting for Government Grants

AS 13: Accounting for Investments

AS 14: Accounting for Amalgamations(excluding inter- company holdings)

AS 15: Employee Benefits

AS 16: Borrowing Costs

AS 17: Segment Reporting

AS 18: Related Party Disclosures

AS 19: Leases

AS 20: Earnings Per Share

AS 21: Consolidated Financial Statements of single subsidiaries (excluding problems involving acquisition of Interest in Subsidiary at Different Dates, Cross holding,    Disposal    of a Subsidiary and Foreign Subsidiaries).

AS 22: Accounting for Taxes on Income

AS 23: Accounting for Investment in Associates in Consolidated Financial Statements

AS 24: Discontinuing Operations

AS 25: Interim Financial Reporting

AS 26: Intangible Assets

AS 27: Financial Reporting of Interests in Joint Ventures

AS 28: Impairment of Assets

AS 29: Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

4.       Company Accounts

1. Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 (Division I)
2. Preparation of financial statements – Statement of Profit and Loss, Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement
3. Buy back of securities
4. Accounting for reconstruction of companies.

I.  The Companies Act, 2013 including important rules and drafting of notices, resolutions –

1. 1. Preliminary
   2. Incorporation of Company and Matters Incidental thereto
   3. Prospectus and Allotment of Securities
   4. Share Capital and Debentures

5. Acceptance of Deposits by Companies
6. Registration of Charges
7. Management and Administration

8. Declaration and Payment of Dividend
9. Accounts of Companies
10. Audit and Auditors
11. Companies Incorporated Outside India

1. Basic Concepts
   1. Income-tax law: An introduction
   2. Significant concepts in income-tax law, including person, assessee, previous year, assessment year, income, agricultural income
   3. Basis of Charge
   4. Procedure for computation of total income and tax payable in case of individuals

10% - 20%

2. Residential status and scope of total income
   1. Residential status
   2. Scope of total income

3. Heads of income and the provisions governing computation of income under different heads
   1. Salaries
   2. Income from house property
   3. Profits and gains of business or profession
   4. Capital gains
   5. Income from other sources

5.       Advance Tax, Tax deduction at source and tax collection at source

6.       Provisions for filing return of income and self-assessment

7. Computation of total income and income-tax payable by an individual under the alternative tax regimes under the Income-tax Act, 1961 to optimise tax liability.

2. Levy and collection of CGST and IGST
   1. Application of CGST/IGST law
   2. Concept of supply including composite and mixed supplies
   3. Charge of tax including reverse charge
   4. Exemption from tax
   5. Composition levy

50% - 80%

3. Basic concepts of:
   1. Classification
   2. Place of supply
   3. Time of supply
   4. Value of Supply
   5. Input tax credit

     5. Registration

     6. Tax invoice; Credit and Debit Notes; Electronic way bill

     7. Accounts and Records

     8. Payment of tax

      9. Returns

a)   Objectives and Scope of Cost and Management Accounting,

b) The users of Cost and Management accounting information, Functions of management accounting.

c) Role of cost accounting department in an organisation and its relation with other departments.

d) Installation   of Costing System

e) Relationship  of Cost Accounting, Financial Accounting, Management Accounting and Financial Management.

f) Cost terms and Concepts

g) Cost   Reduction    and   Cost Control

h) Elements of Costs

i) Cost behavior pattern, Separating the components of fixed, variable, semi- variable and step costs.

j) Methods of Costing, Techniques of Costing.

k) Digital Costing.

(ii)        Elements of Cost and preparation of Cost Sheets

a)           Functional classification and ascertainment of cost

b)           Preparation of Cost Sheets for Manufacturing sector and for Service sector

2.       Ascertainment of Cost and Cost Accounting System

II

(i)      Material Cost

1. Introduction to procurement Valuation of receipts, issue and closing stock of Material, Stock verification.
2. Material requirement analysis through digital costing including Government e-Marketplace (GeM). Introduction to Costing through Enterprise quotation.
3. Inventory control-
   • • Techniques of fixing level of stocks- minimum, maximum, re-order point, safety stock, determination of optimum stock level,
     • Determination of Optimum Order quantity- Economic Order Quantity (EOQ),
     • Techniques of Inventory control- ABC Analysis, Fast, Slow moving and Non moving (FSN), High, Medium, Low (HML), Vital, Essential, Desirable (VED), Just-in-Time (JIT)- Stock taking and perpetual inventory system,  use of inventory control ratios, Digital Inventory control
4. Treatment of Normal/Abnormal Losses w.r.t. waste, scrap, spoilage, defective, obsolescence

(ii)    Employee Cost

1. 1. Introduction to Attendance and Payroll procedures
   2. Elements of wages- Basic pay, Dearness Allowance, Overtime, Bonus,Holiday and leave wages, Allowances and perquisites.
   3. Employee Cost Control
   4. Employee Turnover- Methods of calculating employee turnover, causes of employee turnover, effects of employee turnover.
   5. Remuneration systems and incentive  schemes- Premium Bonus Method (Halsey Plan and Rowan Plan)

(iii)    Direct Expenses

Identification of direct expenses with the main product or service and its treatment.

(iv)    Overheads

1. Functional analysis- Factory, Administration, Selling, Distribution, Research and Development.
2. Behavioral analysis- Fixed, Variable and Semi- Variable.

3. Allocation and Apportionment of overheads using Absorption Costing Method.

4. Factory Overheads- Primary and secondary distribution,

5. Administration Overheads- Method of allocation to cost centres or products,

6. Selling & Distribution Overheads- Analysis and absorption of the expenses in products/ customers, impact of marketing strategies, cost effectiveness of various methods of sales promotion.

7. Treatment of Research and development cost in cost accounting.

(v)     Concepts of Activity Based Costing (ABC)

(vi)    Integration of cost and financial data

1. Recording of financial data and its segregation.

2. Introduction to Non- integrated and Integrated Accounting system.

3. Items included in cost accounts only but financial accounts and vice versa.
4. Reconciliation of profit as per Cost and Financial Accounts (under Non- Integrated Accounting System).

3.       Methods of Costing

(i)      Single Output/ Unit Costing

(ii)    Job Costing

Job cost cards and databases, collecting direct costs of each job, attributing overheads to jobs, Application of job costing.

(iii)   Batch Costing

Determination of optimum batch quantity, Ascertainment of cost for a batch, Preparation of batch cost sheet, Treatment of spoiled and defective work.

(iii)   Process/ Operation Costing

1. 1. Process cost recording, Process loss, Abnormal gains and losses, Equivalent units of production, Inter- process profit, Valuation of work in
   2. Joint Products- Apportionment of joint costs, Methods of apportioning joint cost over joint products,
   3. By-Products- Methods of apportioning joint   costs over by-products, treatment of By-product cost.

(v)     Costing of Service Sectors

Determination of Costs and Prices of services

4.       Cost Control and Analysis

25% - 30%

(i)      Standard Costing

1. 1. Setting up of Standards, Types of Standards, Standard Costing as method of performance
   2. Calculation and Reconciliation of Material Cost, Labour cost, Variable Overhead, Fixed Overhead

(ii)      Marginal Costing

1. 1. Basic concepts of marginal costing, Contribution margin, Break-even analysis, Break –even and profit volume charts, Contribution to sales ratio, Margin of Safety, Angle of Incidence, Cost-Volume- Profit Analysis (CVP),
   2. Determination of Cost of a product/ service under marginal costing method, determination of cost of finished goods, work-in- progress,
   3. Comparison of Marginal costing with absorption costing method- Reconciliation of profit under both the methods,
   4. Short term decision making
      • Make or buy decision
      • Discontinuation decision
      • Multiproduct break- even analysis
      • Limiting factor (key factor)

(iii)      Budget and Budgetary Control

1. Meaning of Budget, Essentials of   Budget, Budget Manual, Budget setting process, Preparation of Budget and monitoring procedures.
   
2. The use of budget in planning and control
3. Flexible budget, Preparation of Functional budget for operating and non- operating functions, Cash budget, Master budget,
4. Introduction to Principal/ Key budget factor, Zero Based Budgeting (ZBB), Performance budget, Control ratios and Budget
5. Budgets and motivation
6. Feedback and Feedforward controlling in budgeting.

1. Nature, Objective and Scope of Audit

Auditing Concepts: Origin of Auditing, Meaning of Audit, Need for audit, Objective of the audit, Scope of Audit, Benefits of an Audit, External Audit engagements, Qualities   of Auditor,

Inherent Limitations of an audit; Relationship of auditing with other disciplines.

2. Audit Strategy, Audit Planning and Audit Program:

         (SA 300 Planning an Audit of Financial statements);

• Auditor’s responsibility to plan an audit of financial statements. Benefits of audit planning
  
• Planning is a continual and iterative process
• Discussion of elements of planning with the entity’s Involvement of Key Engagement Team Members in planning the audit. Preliminary engagement activities.
• The auditor’s consideration of client continuance and     ethical Planning activities
• Establishing an overall audit strategy- Assistance for the auditor. Development of audit plan
• Documenting the overall audit strategy and audit plan; Audit program;
• Development of Audit Plan and Program.

3. Risk Assessment and Internal Control
   • Audit Risk,
   • Risk of Material Misstatement, Inherent Risk and Control Detection Risk
   • Sampling and Non-Sampling Risk
   • Concept of Materiality, Materiality in Planning and Performing an Audit
   • Auditor’s responsibility to apply the concept of materiality
   • Auditor’s determination   of materiality is a matter of professional judgement. Materiality and Audit Risk
   • Application of materiality  in planning and performing the Concept of Performance materiality
   • Determining materiality and performance materiality when planning the audit
   • Use of Benchmarks in determining materiality for the financial statements as a Materiality level or levels for particular classes of transactions, account balances or disclosures.
   • Revision in materiality as the audit Documenting the Materiality.

     (SA 320 Materiality in Planning and Performing an Audit).

   • Identifying and Assessing the Risk of Material Misstatement, Risk Assessment procedures.
   • Understanding the entity and its environment; Internal control,
   • Documenting the Risks;
   • Evaluation of internal control system;
   • Testing of Internal control; Internal Control and IT Environment (SA 315 Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement Through Understanding the Entity and Its Environment);

Digital Audit: Key features, Impact of IT related Risks, Impact on Controls, Internal Financial Controls as per Regulatory requirements, Types of Controls, Audit  approach Understanding and documenting Automated environment, Testing methods, data analytics for audit, assessing and reporting audit findings.

Overview and Introduction - The Auditor’s Responses to Assessed Risks- SA 330

4. Audit Evidence
   • Meaning of Audit Evidence
   • Relevance and Reliability of audit evidence; Sufficient appropriate audit evidence, Meaning of Assertions
   • Assertions contained in the Financial Source of audit evidence;
   • Test of controls
   • Substantive Procedures- Test of details and Substantive analytical procedures Audit procedures for obtaining audit evidence
   • Evaluation of Audit Evidence (SA 500 Audit Evidence); Audit Trail

     (Using the work of Internal Auditors – SA 610).

   • Internal audit function
   • External Auditor’s Responsibility for the audit Evaluating the internal audit function
   • Basics of Internal Financial Control and reporting requirements. Distinction between Internal Financial Control and Internal Control over Financial Reporting.
   • Audit Sampling: (SA 530 Audit Sampling). Meaning of Audit Sampling;
   • Designing an audit sample; Types of sampling; (Approaches to Sampling)
   • Sample Size and selection of items for testing; Sample selection method
   • Obtaining evidence of existence of inventory; Audit procedure to identify litigation & claims, obtaining evidence regarding the presentation and disclosure of segment information (SA 501 Audit Evidence- Specific Considerations for Selected  Items);External confirmation procedures; Management’s refusal to allow the auditor to send a confirmation request; Negative Confirmations (SA 505 External Confirmations); Audit evidence about opening balances; Accounting policies relating to opening balances; Reporting with regard to opening balances (SA 510 Initial Audit Engagements-Opening Balances);
   • Meaning of Related Party; Nature of Related Party Relationships & Transactions; Understanding the Entity’s Related Party Relationships & Transactions (SA 550 Related Parties);
   • Analytical Procedures:
   • Meaning, nature, purpose and timing of analytical procedures; Substantive analytical procedures,
   • Designing and performing analytical procedures prior to Audit;
   • Investigating the results of analytical procedures (SA 520 Analytical Procedures).

6. Audit Documentation
   • Concept of Audit
   • Nature & Purpose of Audit Documentation; Form, Content & Extent of Audit Completion Memorandum;
   • Ownership and custody of Audit Documentation (SA 230 Audit Documentation);

5. Audit of Items of Financial Statements:
   • Audit of sale of Products and Services; Audit of Interest Income, Rental Income, Dividend Income, Net gain/loss on sale of Investments
   • Audit of Purchases, Employee benefits expenses, Depreciation, Interest expense, Expenditure on Power & Fuel, Rent, Repair to building, Repair to Machinery, Insurance, Taxes, Travelling Expenses, Miscellaneous Expenses
   • Audit of Share Capital, Reserve & Surplus, Long Term Borrowings, Trade Payables, Provisions, Short Term Borrowings & Other Current
   • Audit of Land, Buildings, Plant & Equipment, Furniture & Fixtures,Vehicles, Office Equipment, Goodwill, Brand/Trademarks, Computer Software etc.
   • Audit of Loan & Advances, Trade Receivable, Inventories, Cash & Cash Equivalent, Other Current Assets. Audit of Contingent Liabilities.
   • (The list of items is illustrative only)

7. Completion and Review
   • Meaning of Subsequent Events;
   • Auditor’s obligations in different situations of subsequent events
   • Procedures for subsequent events (SA 560 Subsequent Events)
   • Responsibilities of the Auditor with regard to Going Concern Assumption; Objectives of the Auditor regarding Going Concern;
   • Events or Conditions that may cast doubt about Going Concern Assumption;
   • Audit Procedures when events or conditions are identified (SA 570 Going Concern).Overview and Introduction of Evaluations of Misstatements identified during the audit (SA 450)
   • Written Representations as Audit Evidence
   • Objective of Auditor regarding Written Representation;
   • Management from whom Written Representations may be requested;
   • Written Representations about Management’s Responsibilities (SA 580 Written Representations);
   • Overview and Introduction of SA 260: Communication with Those Charged with Governance
   • Overview and Introduction of SA 265 Communicating Deficiencies in Internal Control to Those Charged with Governance and Management

8. Audit Report:
   • Forming an opinion on the Financial Statements;
   • Auditor’s Report- basic elements (SA 700 Forming an Opinion and Reporting on Financial Statements);
   • Communicating key Audit Matters in the Independent Auditor’s Report (SA 701) Types of Modified Opinion; Circumstances When a Modification to the Auditor’s Opinion is Required, Qualified, Adverse, Disclaimer of Opinion (SA 705 Modification to the Opinion in the Independent Auditor’s Report);
   • SA 706 Emphasis of Matter Paragraphs and Other Matter Paragraphs in the Independent Auditor’s Report;
   • Nature of Comparative Information;
   • Corresponding Figure; Comparative Financial Statements (SA 710 Comparative Information – Corresponding Figures and Comparative Financial Statements).
   • Branch audit; Joint audit; Reporting requirements under the Companies Act, 2013 including CARO;

9. Special Features of Audit of Different Type of Entities

Appointment of Auditor, Audit Procedure and Audit Report in respect of different Category of Entities: Government; Local bodies; Not-for-profit organizations; Trust and Societies, Partnership Firms, Audit of different type of undertakings, i.e., educational institutions, Hotels, Clubs, Hospitals, Basics of Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs)audit and Co- operative Societies Audit.

10. Audit of Banks: Understanding of accounting system in Banks, Audit Approach, Audit of Revenue items, Special Consideration in Bank Audit with emphasis on Advances and NPAs.

11. Ethics and Terms of Audit Engagements
    • Meaning of Ethics;
    • Ethics is a State of Mind Need for Professional Ethics;
    • Principles based approach v Rules based approach; (Ethical or Legal)
    • The fundamental principles of Professional Ethics: Integrity; Objectivity; Professional Competence and Due care; Confidentiality;Professional Behaviour
    • Independence of Auditors;
    • Threats to Independence : Self Interest threats; Self Review threats; Advocacy threats; Familiarity threats; Intimidation threats;
    • Safeguards to Independence; Professional Skepticism Terms of Audit Engagements  Preconditions for an audit; Audit Engagement
    • Agreement on Audit Engagement Terms
    • Terms of Engagement in Recurring Audits (SA 210 Agreeing the Terms of Audit Engagements);
    • Overview and Introduction of SQC 1 Quality Control for Firms that Perform Audits and Reviews of Historical Financial Information and Other Assurance and Related Services Engagement
    • Overview and Introduction of SA 220 - Quality Control for an Audit of Financial Statements

1.       Financial Management and Financial Analysis

(i)         Introduction to Financial Management Function

a)           Objective and scope of financial management.

b)           Profit Maximisation, Wealth Maximisation and Value Creation.

c)           Role of Financial Manager and Financial Controller.

d)           Financial management environment.

e)           Functions of finance executives in an organization.

f)            Financial distress and insolvency.

(ii)       Financial Analysis      through Ratios

1. 1. Users of the financial analysis
   2. Sources of financial data for analysis
   3. Calculation and Interpretation of ratios
   4. Limitations of ratio analysis

2.       Financing Decisions and Cost of Capital

(i)         Sources of Finance

1. Different Sources of Finance, Characteristics of different types of long-term debt and equity finance, Method of raising long term finance
2. Different Sources of short- term Finance
3. Contemporary sources of funding- P2P lending, Equity funding, Crowd funding, Start-up funding, etc.
4. Internal fund as a source of finance
5. International sources of finance
6. Other sources of finance- Lease Financing, Sale and lease back, Convertible debt, Venture capital, Grants etc.

(ii)        Cost of Capital

1. Significance of cost of capital
2. Factors of cost of capital
3. Measurement of costs of individual components capital
4. Weighted average cost of capital (WACC)
5. Marginal cost of capital

(iii)      Capital Structure Decisions

1. Significance of capital structure
2. Determinants of capital structure
3. Capital structure planning and designing
4. Designing of   optimum capital structure
5. Theories of Capital Structure and value of the firm- relevancy and Irrelevancy of capital structure.
6. EBIT- EPS Analysis, Breakeven- EBIT Analysis.
7. Under/ Over Capitalisation.

(iv)      Leverages

1. Types of Leverages- Operating, Financial and Combined
2. Analysis of leverages

3.       Capital    Investment    and    Dividend Decisions

(i)         Capital Investment Decisions

1. Objective of capital investment decisions
2. Methods of Investment appraisal

• Payback period, Discounted payback period
• Accounting Rate of Return (ARR),
• Net Present Value (NPV) - The meaning of NPV, Strengths and limitations of NPV method, The working capital adjustment in an NPV analysis, Capital rationing, Equivalent Annual Costs,
• Internal Rate of return (IRR)- Limitations of the IRR method, Multiple IRRs,
• Modified internal Rate of Return (MIRR)- Definition and explanation of MIRR, Process for calculating MIRR, Strengths of the MIRR
• Profitability Index

(ii)        Dividend Decisions

1. 1. Basics of Dividends
   2. Cash dividend, stock dividend/ bonus share, stock-splits, share buy back
   3. Determinants of dividend
   4. Relevancy and Irrelevancy of Dividend Policies- Traditional Approach, Walter’s model, Gordon’s model, Modigliani and Miller (MM) Hypothesis.

4.       Management of Working Capital

1. The management of working capital- Liquidity and Profitability
2. The Working capital financing decisions- Primary and Secondary Sources of Liquidity
3. The working Capital Cycle (operating Cycle), Effectiveness of Working Capital based on its operating and cash conversion cycles
4. Assessment of working capital requirement
5. Management of Accounts Receivables (Debtors)
6. Factoring and Forfaiting
7. Credit Management
8. Credit granting
9. Monitoring accounts receivables
10. Debt collection
11. Management of Accounts Payables (Creditors)
12. Management    of   Cash,    Treasury management
13. Banking norms of working capital finance

1. Introduction to Strategic Management
   1. Meaning and  Nature of Strategic management
   2. Importance and Limitations of Strategic Management
   3. Strategic Intent - Vision,Mission and Goals and Values
   4. Strategic Levels in Organizations (Network, Corporate, Business and Functional)

2. Strategic Analysis: External Environment
   1. International and Macro Environment: PESTLE Analysis
   2. Defining the industry for analysis (Value Chain, PLC)
   3. Porters Five Forces - Industry environment analysis
   4. Understanding customers and markets
   5. Competition in the industry

3. Strategic Analysis: Internal Environment
   1. Understanding key stakeholders (Mendelow’s Model)
   2. Strategic drivers (Industry & markets, Customers, Channels, Product &  Services, Competitive Advantage)
   3. The role of resources and capabilities
   4. Combining external  and internal analysis (SWOT Analysis)
   5. Gaining competitive advantage (Michael Porter’s Generic Strategies)

4. Strategic Choices
   1. Strategic Choices: Concentric, Conglomerate, Market Development, Product Development, Innovation, Horizontal integration, vertical integration, Turnaround,Divesture, Liquidation
   2. How to Develop Strategic Options

• • Ansoff’s Matrix
  • ADL Matrix
  • BCG Matrix
  • GE Matrix

5. Strategy Implementation and Evaluation
   1. Implementation: Formulation Implementation Matrix,Linkages and Issues
   2. Strategic Change through Digital Transformation
   3. Organisation Structure (hard) and Culture (soft)
   4. Strategic Leadership
   5. Strategic Control
   6. Strategic Performance Measures